Bilateral relations

On 4 June 2026, Luxembourg and Denmark will celebrate 120 years of diplomatic relations. Since their establishment on 4 June 1906, the bilateral relations between the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and the Kingdom of Denmark have traditionally been excellent; marked by shared values, close cooperation within European institutions, and frequent alignment on major European and international issues.

Luxembourg maintains an embassy in Copenhagen, as well as an honorary consulate in Aarhus, with jurisdiction over the Jutland peninsula. Denmark, for its part, is accredited in Luxembourg through its embassy in Brussels. Denmark is also represented in Luxembourg by a vice‑honorary consul.

Historically, ties between the two monarchies have also contributed to fostering goodwill between both countries. A notable example was the State Visit in 2003 by Their Royal Highnesses the Grand Duke Henri and the Grand Duchess Maria Teresa to Denmark, where they were received by Her Majesty Queen Margrethe II and Prince Henrik. The bilateral relationship is equally reflected at the societal level. Over 1200 Danish nationals reside in Luxembourg, while some 300 Luxembourg citizens call Denmark home.

Commerce

Commercial exchanges between Luxembourg and Denmark remain stable and mutually beneficial. Among the Nordic countries, Denmark stands as Luxembourg’s second most important economic partner (after Sweden) for both the export and import of goods ranging from electrical machinery and equipment to iron and steel products.

Our two countries maintain strong bilateral economic and financial relations, characterized by dynamic investment flows, the presence of Danish subsidiaries in Luxembourg, and Luxembourg’s role as an important domicile for Danish investment funds. Business exchanges, trade promotion initiatives, and technological partnerships, particularly in the space industry, also contribute to a diversified and resilient bilateral relationship, and are expected to continue strengthening it in the years ahead.

Cooperation in the Field of Energy

Energy cooperation has equally become a central pillar of Luxembourg-Denmark relations. Both countries share a strong commitment to the European Union’s climate objectives and to the expansion of renewable energy capacities.

In 2021, Luxembourg and Denmark decided to strengthen their partnership in offshore wind energy through a formal agreement, focusing on the further development of renewable energy sources. The agreement was recently extended until 2030. At the same time, Luxembourg and Denmark cooperate, together with other North Sea partners, in the context of the North Sea Energy cooperation group.

Luxembourg – Sweden

Luxembourg and Sweden enjoy excellent and longstanding bilateral relations, founded on shared values such as democracy, the rule of law, social cohesion, and a strong commitment to multilateralism. As like‑minded members of the European Union, both countries cooperate closely and regularly align on key European and international issues, including competitiveness, social policy, sustainability, and climate action.

Luxembourg and Sweden maintain well‑established diplomatic representations that reflect the closeness of their bilateral relations: Luxembourg is accredited to Sweden through its Embassy in Copenhagen and operates an honorary consulate in Stockholm, while Sweden is accredited to Luxembourg via its Embassy in Brussels and maintains an honorary consulate in Luxembourg. These formal channels are complemented by long‑standing historical links between the two monarchies, which have helped nurture mutual understanding and goodwill, as well as by regular high‑level contacts and visits, illustrating the strength and continuity of bilateral ties

The bilateral relationship is also visible at the societal level, with Swedish nationals living and working in Luxembourg and Luxembourg citizens residing in Sweden, contributing to cultural exchange and mutual understanding between the two countries. 1546 Swedish citizens were living in Luxembourg in 2025 and 233 Luxembourgish citizens live in Sweden as of 31 March 2026.

Trade Relations

Sweden is Luxembourg’s most important economic partner among the Nordic countries. Bilateral trade is dynamic and diversified, covering sectors such as financial services, industrial goods, clean technologies, digital solutions, and innovation. Luxembourg serves as a key financial hub for Swedish companies and investment funds, while Swedish enterprises are active contributors to Luxembourg’s economy.

Bilateral trade covers a wide range of goods, including machinery and mechanical appliances, electrical equipment, vehicles, metals, and chemical products. In addition to goods, trade in services, notably financial, business, ICT, and engineering services—plays a growing role in the overall economic relationship.

Financial cooperation is a central pillar of Luxembourg–Sweden commercial relations. Luxembourg serves as a key European and international hub for Swedish investment funds, asset managers, and financial institutions, particularly in the fields of investment fund structuring, private equity, and sustainable finance. Numerous Swedish companies and subsidiaries are established in Luxembourg, notably in sectors such as finance, fintech, ICT, logistics, clean technologies, and industrial services. At the same time, Luxembourg companies operate in Sweden, particularly in finance, steel, logistics, and advanced services, reinforcing reciprocal investment flows.

Commercial relations between Luxembourg and Sweden are increasingly shaped by close cooperation in innovation, digitalisation, and sustainability, reflecting a strong alignment on the European green and digital transitions. This convergence fosters partnerships in clean technologies, renewable energy, smart mobility, and resilient digital infrastructure, while sustainable finance stands out as a particularly dynamic area where Luxembourg’s financial expertise complements Sweden’s leadership in green innovation. At the same time, collaboration is expanding into strategic domains such as defence and space, driven by shared priorities in security, dual‑use technologies, and advanced research. Growing synergies in satellite communications, space‑based services, cybersecurity, and defence innovation further underline the depth and forward‑looking nature of the bilateral economic relationship.

Luxembourg – Finland

Finland and Luxembourg maintain close and constructive bilateral relations grounded in shared European values, multilateral cooperation, and mutual support within international institutions.

Diplomatic relations between Finland and Luxembourg are long‑standing, well structured, and marked by close political coordination. Luxembourg’s diplomatic representation is ensured through its Embassy in Copenhagen, complemented by an honorary consulate in Helsinki, while Finland is accredited to Luxembourg via its Embassy in Brussels and maintains an honorary consulate in Luxembourg. Beyond these institutional arrangements, both countries cooperate closely within the European Union on legislative dossiers related to financial regulation, digital transformation, innovation, and environmental policy. As members of the euro area, they share a strong commitment to fiscal responsibility and the long‑term stability of the Economic and Monetary Union. Their partnership has also deepened in areas linked to preparedness and resilience, including civil protection, crisis management, cybersecurity, and the protection of critical infrastructures, reflecting a shared understanding of the need to strengthen societal resilience in the face of evolving security, climate, and hybrid challenges.

Cultural and people-to-people ties, though limited by population size, add an additional dimension to the relationship. Educational exchanges, academic cooperation, and interaction within EU institutions help foster mutual understanding and professional networks between Finns and Luxembourgers. 88 Luxembourgish citizens currently live in Finland, and 1 122 Finnish citizens currently reside in Luxembourg.

Trade relations

Luxembourg’s role as an international financial center and Finland’s strengths in technology, clean energy, and industrial innovation provide opportunities for cooperation and investment. Trade between the two countries focuses on sectors such as machinery, information and communication technologies, and services.

A major recent development in bilateral commercial relations is Finnair’s launch of direct flights between Helsinki and Luxembourg. Finnair introduced this route as part of its European network expansion, with services starting in spring 2026.

On the trade side, the Bernard-Massard Cuvée de l’Ecusson sparkling wine remains a small but emblematic export to Finland, illustrating how a niche, high‑quality product can gain durable visibility, notably through its historical association with Finnair and its image of European craftsmanship. Beyond consumer goods, the bilateral relationship offers growing business opportunities in high‑value and knowledge‑intensive sectors. In security and defence‑related industries, companies benefit from both countries’ active engagement in European and transatlantic frameworks, particularly in areas such as dual‑use technologies, resilience, and innovation. At the same time, scientific and technological partnerships are gaining momentum, with increasing scope for collaboration in advanced research fields such as quantum technologies, secure communications, and applied digital research, where Finland’s strong research ecosystem and Luxembourg’s innovation‑driven approach create complementary opportunities for research and development.

Luxembourg – Norway

Luxembourg and Norway enjoy stable, value‑based bilateral relations, anchored in shared commitments to democracy, multilateralism, and international law. While Norway is not a member of the European Union, it is deeply integrated into the EU internal market through the European Economic Area (EEA), which also frames much of its interaction with Luxembourg.

Cooperation between Luxembourg and Norway is further reinforced through multilateral frameworks such as NATO, the OSCE, and the United Nations, where both countries frequently align on key issues including security policy, climate action, and development cooperation. They share a strong commitment to effective multilateralism and to development cooperation policies focused on impact, sustainability, and respect for humanitarian principles, which encourages close coordination and joint engagement in international fora. This convergence is underpinned by regular political dialogue, including ministerial visits and consultations.

Luxembourg conducts its relations with Norway from its Embassy in Copenhagen, while Norway’s non‑resident Ambassador, based in The Hague, is accredited to Luxembourg. The relationship is further supported by Luxembourg’s network of two Honorary Consuls in Norway, in Oslo and Trondheim, which contribute actively to strengthening political, economic, and institutional ties.

From a societal perspective, 93 Luxembourgish citizens currently live in Norway, and 234 Norwegian citizens reside in Luxembourg.  

Trade relations

Commercial relations between Luxembourg and Norway are characterized by high‑value, specialized exchanges, reflecting the structure of both economies.

Luxembourg’s exports to Norway mainly consist of precision instruments, iron and steel products, and specialised manufactured goods, while Norway exports industrial machinery, electrical equipment, and seafood to Luxembourg.

Beyond goods, financial services and maritime activities form a central pillar of bilateral economic relations. Luxembourg has established itself as a key European hub for ship finance, investment funds, and capital market services, which are frequently used by Norwegian shipping, offshore, and energy companies operating internationally. Despite being landlocked, Luxembourg plays a global role in maritime finance and services—an area of particular relevance for Norway’s shipping‑oriented economy.

Energy and the green transition represent a strategic pillar of Luxembourg–Norway cooperation. Norway’s position as a major European energy producer aligns closely with Luxembourg’s role as a hub for sustainable finance and transition‑focused investment.

High‑level bilateral visits have increasingly focused on renewable energy cooperation, hydrogen, electricity interconnections, and decarbonisation of transport and infrastructure systems.

In this context, Luxembourg plays an important role for Norwegian companies seeking access to European and global capital markets. The Luxembourg Stock Exchange (LuxSE) is a recognized platform for Norwegian issuers, particularly in sustainable and transition finance.